MiniSplit

Ductless minisplit heat pumps, often simply called "minisplits," are a highly efficient option for heating and cooling homes. They are particularly well-suited for:

• Retrofitting existing homes: Ideal for homes with existing non-ducted heating systems like hydronic heating, radiant panels, or space heaters (wood, kerosene, propane).
• Room additions: When extending or installing ductwork for a central air conditioning system is not feasible.
• Energy-efficient new construction: Requiring a compact and efficient space conditioning solution.

For maximum energy savings, prioritize ENERGY STAR® certified ductless minisplit systems and engage a qualified HVAC installer.

How Ductless Minisplit Heat Pumps Work

Similar to conventional air-source heat pumps, minisplits operate with two key components:

1. Outdoor unit: Houses the compressor and condenser.
2. Indoor air-handling unit: Distributes conditioned air.

These units are connected via a conduit containing power cables, refrigerant lines, and a condensate drain.

Advantages of Ductless Minisplit Heat Pumps

• Enhanced Flexibility & Zoning: Minisplits offer exceptional flexibility. A single outdoor unit can typically support up to four indoor air-handling units, enabling independent temperature control in multiple zones or rooms. This zoned approach allows you to condition only occupied spaces, significantly reducing energy consumption and costs.
• Simplified Installation: Compared to many other space conditioning systems, minisplit installation is generally less complex. The connection between units typically requires only a small hole in the wall for the conduit. Furthermore, the outdoor unit can be positioned up to 50 feet away from the indoor unit, providing greater flexibility in placement.
• Exceptional Energy Efficiency: By eliminating the need for ductwork, minisplits significantly reduce energy losses common with central forced-air systems. Duct losses can account for over 30% of energy consumption in space conditioning, especially when ducts are located in unconditioned areas like attics. While ducted heat pumps typically achieve efficiency ratings between 15.2 and 25 SEER, ductless minisplits can achieve higher ratings, ranging from 15.2 to 35 SEER.
• Enhanced Interior Design Freedom: Minisplits offer greater design flexibility. Indoor air-handling units can be:
  • Suspended from the ceiling
  • Integrated into drop ceilings
  • Mounted on walls
  • Placed on the floor
  • Most units are compact and feature sleek designs, seamlessly blending into various interior aesthetics.

Disadvantages of Ductless Minisplit Heat Pumps

• Higher Initial Costs: While offering long-term energy savings, the initial installation costs of minisplits may be higher than some other systems. However, available rebates and incentives can help offset these costs. Utilize the ENERGY STAR Home Improvement Savings tool to explore incentives in your region.
• Sizing and Placement Considerations: Proper sizing and placement of each indoor unit are crucial for optimal performance. Oversized or incorrectly positioned units can lead to short cycling, resulting in energy waste and inadequate temperature/humidity control.
• Aesthetic Considerations: While more discreet than window units, some may find the appearance of indoor units aesthetically unappealing. Additionally, proper drainage for condensate water must be considered.

Taking Action

To maximize efficiency and savings, ensure your ductless minisplit system is installed and maintained by a qualified HVAC professional. If you're considering a ductless minisplit heat pump for your home, consult with an HVAC expert to determine the most suitable system for your specific needs. For further information on energy-efficient heating and cooling solutions, visit the ENERGY STAR® website.